Sleep cycles last for approximately 90 min ( Hartmann, 1968) and are repeated 3–5 times in one night ( Hartmann, 1968 Hirshkowitz et al., 1992 Rosipal et al., 2013). Alternating non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep constitute a series of sleep cycles, with the latter being related to the sleep cycle configuration ( Vyazovskiy and Delogu, 2014). The sleep architecture throughout the night is continuous, but heterogeneous, and characterized by cyclic fluctuations. However, the HF amplitude of the heart rate variability was lower over the four sleep cycles in the adaptation night than in the experimental night.Ĭonclusion: The results suggest the distinct vulnerability of the autonomic adaptation processes within the central nervous system in young healthy subjects while sleeping in a sleep laboratory for the first time. Cycle-by-cycle analysis revealed that sleep-stage distribution and cortical beta EEG power differed between the two nights in the first sleep cycle. The normalized transition probability from stage N2 to stage N1 was higher and that from stage N2 to N3 was lower in the adaptation night, whereas that from stage N3 to other stages did not differ between the nights. Bouts of stage N1 and stage N2 were shorter, and bouts of stage Wake were longer in the adaptation night than in the experimental night, but there was no difference in stage N3 or stage REM. Results: Conventional sleep variables reflected lower sleep quality in the adaptation night than in the experimental night. Cycle-by-cycle analysis was performed for the above variables in 34 subjects with four sleep cycles and compared between the two nights. Electroencephalographic and cardiac activities were subjected to frequency domain analyses. These variables were compared between the two nights. Sleep-stage continuity and dynamics were evaluated by sleep runs and transitions, respectively. Conventional sleep variables were assessed according to standard criteria. Methods: Seventy-four healthy adults participated in polysomnographic recordings on two consecutive nights. Objective: The aim of the present study was to characterize the cyclic sleep processes of sleep-stage dynamics, cortical activity, and heart rate variability during sleep in the adaptation night in healthy young adults.
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